기사 메일전송
[논문] 노인에 대한 경제적 착취의 대응정책에 관한 연구
  • 이연주 책임기자
  • 등록 2022-10-06 02:29:46

기사수정
  • 이수현(경북대학교 석사학위 논문)
  • 지도교수 : 박창제
  • 발행연도 : 2022. 2.

초고령사회로의 진입을 눈앞에 두고 있는 우리나라는 노인을 위한 사회경제적 대응전략이 필요한 중요한 시기를 맞고 있다. 그 중에서도 노인의 재산에 대한 보호문제는 노인이 정신적·육체적으로 안정된 삶을 영위하는데 있어서 가장 기본이 되는 조건이라고 할 수 있다. 노인에 대한 경제적 착취문제에 대응하기 위해서 노인복지법을 중심으로 하는 법제도의 정비가 무엇보다도 중요하다. 구체적인 정책적 대안을 제시하면 다음과 같다.

첫째, 노인보호전문기관 내에 피해재산 환수와 피해자의 민형사상 소송 지원의 업무를 담당할 수는 법률지원 전담부서 및 후견법인의 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 조직 체계를 신설하여야 할 것이다. 둘째, 법원(등기소)-금융기관-신용카드사-통신사 간 정보를 공유하여 노인의 재산상황의 변화에 대한 다양한 정보를 파악하여 경제적 착취의 위험신호를 파악할 수 있는 법적 근거와 시스템을 구축하여야 할 것이다. 셋째, 경제적 착취에 보다 효과적으로 대응을 하기 위하여 착취행위의 주체와 유형을 조합한 대응체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 넷째, 공공후견개시 심판청구지원절차를 간소화 하고 노인보호전문기관을 공공후견인 양성 전문기관 지정하여야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 친족상도례 규정을 원칙으로 유지하면서 예외적으로 피해 노인의 연령 또는 정신장애 유무에 의해 친족상도례 규정의 적용을 배제하여 자녀나 친족에 의한 노인재산 침해행위를 처벌이 가능하도록 개정하여야 할 것이다. 여섯째, 노인에 대한 경제적 착취를 법률상 무효인 법률행위로 규정하여 피해 노인의 재산환수 절차를 간소화 하여야 할 것이다. 일곱째, 금융기관이나 신용카드사 등이 노인의 금융거래 정보를 열람 및 사전에 지정된 자에게 통보 할 수 있는 법적 근거를 마련하고 직원들에 대한 경제적 착취의 징후 판단 방법과 예방교육도 동시에 진행하여야 할 것이다. 여덟째, 정부와 민간기업은 경제적 착취를 예방하고 피해를 최소화 할 수 있는 기술개발을 위해 지원과 노력을 아까지 말아야 할 것이다. 마지막으로, 노인문제에 대하여 종합적이고 입체적인 대응과 관리를 위해서 현재 보건복지부 인구정책실 하에 노인정책관의 기능을 개편 및 확대할 필요성이 있으며, 향후 노인정책관을 노인부 신설을 위한 모태로 삼아야 할 것이다. 고령화가 과학기술발전과 자본주의와 결합하여 만들어 낸 우리 사회의 어두운 그림자가 바로 노인에 대한 경제적 착취이다. 사람은 누구나 노화의 과정을 거쳐 갈 수밖에는 없다는 점에서 노인에 대한 경제적 착취는 노인의 문제가 아니라 모든 사람의 현재와 미래의 문제라는 점을 인식하여야 할 것이다.


Economic exploitation of the elderly is dominated by special forms that use deception or incomplete expressions of intention rather than directly contrary to the will of the elderly or overpower the will of the elderly, that is, a mixture of 'non-voluntary decision-making' and 'self-determination'. However, due to the nature of our law, which adopts formalism in legal action, it is very difficult to invalidate or cancel the contract or the power of attorney as soon as one's seal or signature is signed. Since economic exploitation of the elderly is often aimed at these legal vulnerabilities, it inevitably results in a problem in the process of expressing intention rather than the result of expressing intention. Therefore, it is very difficult to solve the problem within the current law because there are problems such as what are the criteria for judging the cognitive ability of the elderly, whether insufficient explanation is a trick or a transactional conventional wisdom, and how much explanation should be made in the elderly. This is why the legal system needs to be reorganized above all else to cope with the economic exploitation of the elderly. In addition, protecting the elderly from economic exploitation is an important issue not only for ensuring a stable retirement life for the elderly but also for the sound development of our society. Therefore, in order to protect the elderly from economic exploitation, it is most important to set the overall direction for the economic exploitation response system through the revision of the Elderly Welfare Act. The details are summarized as follows. First, it is reasonable to establish a response system to economic exploitation by expanding the functions and organizations of senior protection agencies. In other words, it is necessary to establish an organizational system so that a department dedicated to legal support can be established to take charge of the recovery of victims' property and civil and criminal litigation support, and separately perform the role of a guardian corporation. Second, it is necessary to establish a system that can detect risk signals of economic exploitation in advance. In other words, it is necessary to establish a legal basis and system for identifying various information on changes in the property situation of the elderly by sharing information between courts, financial institutions, credit card companies, and telecommunications companies. Third, in order to respond more effectively to economic exploitation, it is necessary to establish a response system that combines the subject of exploitation and the type of exploitation. In other words, it is clear in the legal system as well as efficient in establishing a civil, criminal, administrative countermeasure and other countermeasures by dividing economic exploitation by actor and secondary classification into types of exploitation. Fourth, in order to utilize the advantages of the public guardianship system and establish a stable system, it is necessary to simplify the process of requesting a public guardianship trial, and if senior protection agencies play their roles in fostering public guardians, unified education and management will be possible nationwide. Fifth, as a criminal countermeasure, the criminal punishment regulations between relatives should be maintained in principle. Exceptionally, however, the application of the exemption from punishment between relatives should be excluded depending on the age or mental disability of the victim, and the act of infringing on elderly property by children or relatives should be revised to enable punishment. In addition, it is deemed necessary to introduce a social service or course order system for economic exploitation actors. Sixth, as a civil countermeasure, a new ground clause shall be established to invalidate legal acts in the event of economic exploitation damage to the elderly. Through this, the elderly who have suffered economic exploitation should be able to recover the damaged property if the damage is recognized without going through complicated and difficult legal procedures. Seventh, it is necessary to provide a legal basis for financial institutions or credit card companies to view financial transaction information of the elderly and notify designated persons in advance, and to conduct preventive education on employees at the same time. Finally, the government and private enterprises should provide support and efforts to develop technologies that can prevent economic exploitation and minimize damage. In the future, we are likely to face a super-aged society of more than half of the population is made up of the elderly. Economic exploitation of the elderly is not just a matter of the elderly's property, but a matter of the elderly's physical and emotional health and health care, and furthermore, a matter directly related to the constitutional right of the elderly to guarantee human life. Therefore, for comprehensive management of the elderly problem, it is necessary to reorganize and expand the functions of the elderly policy office currently belonging to the population policy office of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. In addition, the Senior Citizens' Policy Office should be used as the foundation for the establishment of the Ministry of the Elderly in the future. It is true that human life is becoming more comfortable due to the development of science and technology and the diversification of means of communication. And it is undeniable that the extension of life expectancy is a blessing for humans. However, the dark shadow of our society created by aging combined with science and technology development and capitalism is the economic exploitation of the elderly. Since everyone has no choice but to go through the process of aging, it should be recognized that economic exploitation of the elderly is not a problem of the elderly, but a problem of the present and future of everyone.


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